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Study on forced air convection cooling for electronic assemblies

LI Bin, TAO Wenquan, HE Yaling

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 158-163 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0009-2

摘要： The slotted fin concept was employed to improve the air cooling performance of plate-fin in heat sinks. Numerical simulations of laminar heat transfer and flow pressure drop were conducted for the integral plate fin, discrete plate fin and discrete slotted fin heat sinks. It is found that the performance of the discrete plate fin is better than that of the integral continuum plate fin and the performance of slotted fin is better than that of the discrete plate fin at the same pumping power of the fan. A new type of heat sink characterized by discrete and slotted fin surfaces with thinner fins and smaller spaces between fins is then proposed. Preliminary computation shows that this type of heat sink may be useful for the next generation of higher thermal load CPUs. The limit of cooling capacity for air-cooling techniques was also addressed.

关键词： concept     slotted     air-cooling     Preliminary computation     generation    

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Thermally developing forced convection and the corresponding thermal stresses in a porous plate channel

YANG Xiao, LIU Xuemei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 57-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0009-7

摘要： Based on the Darcy fluid model, by considering the effects of viscous dissipation due to the interaction between solid skeleton and pore fluid flow and thermal conduction in the direction of the fluid flow, the thermally developing forced convection of the local thermal equilibrium and the corresponding thermal stresses in a semi-infinite saturated porous plate channel are investigated in this paper. The expressions of temperature, local Nusselt number and corresponding thermal stresses are obtained by means of the Fourier series, and the distributions of the same are also shown. Furthermore, influences of the P晱let number () and Brinkman number () on temperature, Nusselt number () and thermal stress are revealed numerically.

关键词： semi-infinite saturated     direction     interaction     skeleton     thermal equilibrium    

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An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第3期   页码 263-276 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0345-y

摘要：

In this research, the temperatures of three-dimensional (3D) protruding heaters mounted on a conductive substrate in a horizontal rectangular channel with laminar airflow are related to the independent power dissipation in each heater by using a matrix G+ with invariant coefficients, which are dimensionless. These coefficients are defined in this study as the conjugate influence coefficients (g+) caused by the forced convection-conduction nature of the heaters’ cooling process. The temperature increase of each heater in the channel is quantified to clearly identify the contributions attributed to the self-heating and power dissipation in the other heaters (both upstream and downstream). The conjugate coefficients are invariant with the heat generation rate in the array of heaters when assuming a defined geometry, invariable fluid and flow rate, and constant substrate and heater conductivities. The results are numerically obtained by considering three 3D protruding heaters on a two-dimensional (2D) array by ANSYS/FluentTM 15.0 software. The conservation equations are solved by a coupled procedure within a single calculation domain comprising of solid and fluid regions and by considering a steady state laminar airflow with constant properties. Some examples are shown, indicating the effects of substrate thermal conductivity and Reynolds number on conjugate influence coefficients.

关键词： channel flow     conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling     conjugate influence coefficients     discrete heating     invariant descriptor     thermal management    

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Experimental study of heat transfer coefficient with rectangular baffle fin of solar air heater

Foued CHABANE,Nesrine HATRAF,Noureddine MOUMMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 160-172 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0321-y

摘要： This paper presents an experimental analysis of a single pass solar air collector with, and without using baffle fin. The heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and air can be considerably increased by using artificial roughness on the bottom plate and under the absorber plate of a solar air heater duct. An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of roughness and operating parameters on heat transfer. The investigation has covered the range of Reynolds number from 1259 to 2517 depending on types of the configuration of the solar collectors. Based on the experimental data, values of Nusselt number have been determined for different values of configurations and operating parameters. To determine the enhancement in heat transfer and increment in thermal efficiency, the values of Nusselt have been compared with those of smooth duct under similar flow conditions.

关键词： Nusselt number     flow rate     heat transfer     heat transfer coefficient     thermal efficiency     forced convection    

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MHD effect on the critical temperature differences of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in two-layer

Hulin HUANG, Xiaoming ZHOU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 155-160 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0063-4

摘要： The effect of different directional magnetic fields on critical temperature differences of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in a rectangular cavity with differentially heated side walls filled with two viscous, immiscible, incompressible fluids is simulated in the absence of gravity. In this two-layer fluid system, the upper layer fluid is the electrically non-conducting encapsulant boron oxide (BO), while the lower one is the electrically conducting molten indium phosphide (InP). The interface between the two fluids is assumed to be flat and non-deformable. The computational results show that all the magnetic fields along the , and directions can delay the transition from steady convection to oscillatory convection, and critical temperature differences increase with an increasing Hartmann number. Furthermore, the effect of a magnetic field along the direction is strongest, followed by that along the direction, and that along the direction is the weakest for the same intensity of the magnetic field.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic     magnetic fields     thermocapillary convection     critical temperature difference     oscillatory convection     two-layer fluid system    

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An autonomous system for thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous layer using a thermal

Qi WEI, Xiaohui ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 507-516 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0017-x

摘要： Thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids saturating a horizontal porous layer heated from below is analyzed using a thermal nonequilibrium model to take account of the interphase heat transfer between the fluid and the solid. The viscoelastic character of the flow is considered by a modified Darcy’s law. An autonomous system with five differential equations is deduced by applying the truncated Galerkin expansion to the momentum and heat transfer equations. The effects of interphase heat transfer on the thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous medium are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the weak interphase heat transfer tends to stabilize the steady convection.

关键词： thermal convection     porous media     viscoelastic fluid     thermal nonequilibrium model    

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Numerical study on natural convection in a square enclosure containing a rectangular heated cylinder

Jianhua LU, Zhaoli GUO, Zhenhua CHAI, Baochang SHI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 373-380 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0078-x

摘要： In this paper, the natural convection in a square enclosure with a rectangular heated cylinder is investigated via the lattice Boltzmann method. A detailed study is conducted on the effect of the cylinder width and the Rayleigh number on the fluid flow and heat transfer. The flow structures and heat transfer patterns are classified into eight buoyant regimes, i.e., four steady regimes, two periodic regimes, one multiple periodic regime, and one chaos regime, two of which are reported for the first time.

关键词： natural convection     buoyant regime     heated cylinder     lattice Boltzmann    

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Multi-harmonic forced vibration and resonance of simple beams to moving vehicles

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 981-993 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0979-5

摘要： This study modeled the moving-vehicle-induced forcing excitation on a single-span prismatic bridge as a multiple frequency-multiplication harmonic load on the modal coordinates of a linear elastic simple Euler–Bernoulli beam, and investigated the forced modal oscillation and resonance behavior of this type of dynamic system. The forced modal responses consist of multiple frequency-multiplication steady-state harmonics and one damped mono-frequency complementary harmonic. The analysis revealed that a moving load induces high-harmonic forced resonance amplification when the moving speed is low. To verify the occurrence of high-harmonic forced resonance, numerical tests were conducted on single-span simple beams based on structural modeling using the finite element method (FEM) and a moving sprung-mass oscillator vehicle model. The forced resonance amplification characteristics of the fundamental mode for beam response estimation are presented with consideration to different end restraint conditions. The results reveal that the high-harmonic forced resonance may be significant for the investigated beams subjected to vehicle loads moving at specific low speeds. For the investigated single-span simple beams, the moving vehicle carriage heaving oscillation modulates the beam modal frequency, but does not induce notable variation of the modal oscillation harmonic structure for the cases that vehicle of small mass moves in low speed.

关键词： forced vibration     linear Euler beam     moving load     harmonic structure     frequency modulation     end restraints    

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Simulation of interfacial Marangoni convection in gas-liquid mass transfer by lattice Boltzmann method

Shuyong CHEN, Xigang YUAN, Bo FU, Kuotsung YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 448-454 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1142-8

摘要： Interfacial Marangoni convection has significant effect on gas-liquid and/or liquid-liquid mass transfer processes. In this paper, an approach based on lattice Boltzmann method is established and two perturbation models, fixed perturbation model and self-renewable interface model, are proposed for the simulation of interfacial Marangoni convection in gas-liquid mass transfer process. The simulation results show that the concentration contours are well consistent with the typical roll cell convection patterns obtained experimentally in previous studies.

关键词： interfacial Marangoni convection     lattice Boltzmann method     gas-liquid mass transfer    

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Soybean drying characteristics in microwave rotary dryer with forced convection

Ruifang WANG, Zhanyong LI, Yanhua LI, Jingsheng YE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 289-292 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0022-y

摘要： A new hybrid drying technique by combining microwave and forced convection drying within a rotary drum, i.e., microwave rotary drying, was developed with the purpose to improve the uniformity of microwave drying. In a laboratory microwave rotary dryer, rewetted soybean was utilized as experimental material to study the effects of drum rotating speed, ventilation flow rate, and specific microwave power on the drying kinetics and cracking ratio of soybean. It was found that, with rotation, the cracking ratio can be lowered but without distinct improvement in the drying rate. Increasing ventilation flow rate and specific microwave power can improve the drying rate, but the cracking ratio also increases as a negative result. The cracking ratio lower than 10% can be attained for ventilation flow rate lower than 2.0 m ·h or specific microwave energy lower than 0.4 kW·kg in the present experiments.

关键词： cracking     microwave     rotary drying     soybean    

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Natural convection heat transfer of water in a horizontal circular gap

SU Guanghui, WU Yingwei, Kenichiro Sugiyama

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 167-173 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0021-y

摘要： An experimental study on the natural convection heat transfer on a horizontal downward facing heated surface in a water gap was carried out under atmospheric pressure conditions. A total of 700 experimental data points were correlated using Rayleigh versus Nusselt number in various forms, based on different independent variables. The effects of different characteristic lengths and film temperatures were discussed. The results show that the buoyancy force acts as a resistance force for natural convection heat transfer on a downward facing horizontal heated surface in a confined space. For the estimation of the natural convection heat transfer under the present conditions, empirical correlations in which Nusselt number is expressed as a function of the Rayleigh number, or both Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, may be used. When it is accurately predicted, the Nusselt number is expressed as a function of the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, as well as the gap width-to-heated surface diameter ratio; and uses the temperature difference between the heated surface and the ambient fluid in the definition of Rayleigh number. The characteristic length is the gap size and the film temperature is the average fluid temperature.

关键词： function     diameter     different independent     different characteristic     horizontal downward    

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Experimental study of primary and secondary side coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristics

Zhimin QIU, Daogang LU, Jingpin FU, Li FENG, Yuhao ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 860-871 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0744-1

摘要： Passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX), which is a newly designed equipment in the advanced reactors of AP1000 and CAP1400, plays an important role in critical accidental conditions. The primary and secondary side coupling heat transfer characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) determine the capacity to remove core decay heat during the accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and develop applicable heat transfer formulas for optimized design. In the present paper, an overall scaled-down natural circulation loop of PRHRS in AP1000, which comprises a scaled-down in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and PRHR HX models and a simulator of the reactor core, is built to simulate the natural circulation process in residual heat removal accidents. A series of experiments are conducted to study thermal-hydraulic behaviors in both sides of the miniaturized PRHR HX which is simulated by 12 symmetric arranged C-shape tubes. For the local PRHR HX heat transfer performance, traditional natural convection correlations for both the horizontal and vertical bundles are compared with the experimental data to validate their applicability for the specific heat transfer condition. Moreover, the revised natural convection heat transfer correlations based on the present experimental data are developed for PRHR HX vertical and lower horizontal bundles. This paper provides essential references for the PRHRS operation and further optimized design.

关键词： passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX)     C-shape tube     revised heat transfer correlations     coupled natural convection    

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地铁火灾中强制通风烟控系统作用的模拟

蔡波,李辉亮,廖光煊

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 80-83

摘要：

地铁火灾比地面火灾具有更大的危险性。通过对地铁火灾的模拟可以重现火灾过程，研究火灾现象，分析火灾原因。通过FDS模拟，对比大邱市地铁火灾在有无强制通风烟控系统条件下，火灾现场的温度场和烟尘分布，研究讨论其对控制地铁火灾的重要作用。

关键词： 地铁火灾     FDS数值模拟     强制通风烟控系统    

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移动荷载作用下三塔悬索桥的强迫振动研究

冯兆祥,陈亮,缪长青

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第5期   页码 80-84

摘要：

针对泰州大桥开展结构动力特性计算，分析了不同移动速度以及不同移动荷载大小对于三塔两跨悬索桥结构动力响应的影响。结果表明，三塔两跨悬索桥的一阶竖弯振动基频约为0.08 Hz,远低于载重汽车的固有频率，不会形成共振条件。简单的移动荷载作用下三塔两跨连续支承悬索桥的内力、位移响应与同等静力荷载作用效果比较接近。移动荷载的质量越大、速度越大，结构的内力、位移响应就越大，并与车重呈近似正比例关系。结构内力、位移的荷载放大系数不随移动荷载质量的大小而改变。

关键词： 动力特性     强迫振动     响应     荷载放大系数    

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A way to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convection through a square duct

Liangbi WANG, Xiaoping GAI, Kun HUANG, Yongheng ZHANG, Xiang YANG, Xiang WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0020-2

摘要： A way using the reformulation of the energy conservation equation in terms of heat flux to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convective heat transfer through a square duct is presented. For a laminar convection through a square duct, it explains that on the wall surface, the velocity is zero, but convection occurs for uniform wall heat flux (UWHF) boundary in the developing region due to the velocity gradient term; for uniform wall temperature (UWT) boundary, only diffusion process occurs on the wall surface because both velocity and velocity gradient do not contribute to convection; for UWHF, the largest term of the gradient of velocity components (the main flow velocity) on the wall surface takes a role in the convection of the heat flux normal to the wall surface, and this role exists in the fully developed region. Therefore, a stronger convection process occurs for UWHF than for UWT on the wall surface. The thermal boundary effects on the laminar convection inside the flow are also detailed.

关键词： convective transport     heat transfer     mass transfer     laminar flow     thermal boundary effects    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Study on forced air convection cooling for electronic assemblies

LI Bin, TAO Wenquan, HE Yaling

期刊论文

Thermally developing forced convection and the corresponding thermal stresses in a porous plate channel

YANG Xiao, LIU Xuemei

期刊论文

An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

期刊论文

Experimental study of heat transfer coefficient with rectangular baffle fin of solar air heater

Foued CHABANE,Nesrine HATRAF,Noureddine MOUMMI

期刊论文

MHD effect on the critical temperature differences of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in two-layer

Hulin HUANG, Xiaoming ZHOU,

期刊论文

An autonomous system for thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous layer using a thermal

Qi WEI, Xiaohui ZHANG

期刊论文

Numerical study on natural convection in a square enclosure containing a rectangular heated cylinder

Jianhua LU, Zhaoli GUO, Zhenhua CHAI, Baochang SHI,

期刊论文

Multi-harmonic forced vibration and resonance of simple beams to moving vehicles

期刊论文

Simulation of interfacial Marangoni convection in gas-liquid mass transfer by lattice Boltzmann method

Shuyong CHEN, Xigang YUAN, Bo FU, Kuotsung YU

期刊论文

Soybean drying characteristics in microwave rotary dryer with forced convection

Ruifang WANG, Zhanyong LI, Yanhua LI, Jingsheng YE

期刊论文

Natural convection heat transfer of water in a horizontal circular gap

SU Guanghui, WU Yingwei, Kenichiro Sugiyama

期刊论文

Experimental study of primary and secondary side coupling natural convection heat transfer characteristics

Zhimin QIU, Daogang LU, Jingpin FU, Li FENG, Yuhao ZHANG

期刊论文

地铁火灾中强制通风烟控系统作用的模拟

蔡波,李辉亮,廖光煊

期刊论文

移动荷载作用下三塔悬索桥的强迫振动研究

冯兆祥,陈亮,缪长青

期刊论文

A way to explain the thermal boundary effects on laminar convection through a square duct

Liangbi WANG, Xiaoping GAI, Kun HUANG, Yongheng ZHANG, Xiang YANG, Xiang WU

期刊论文